Tranexamic acid has functional skin lightening activity in the treatment of melasma, as it can inhibit melanin synthesis by blocking the plasminogen/plasmin pathway, thereby preventing the interaction between melanocytes and keratinocytes. Additionally, it can promote skin exfoliation, leading to the regeneration of epidermal and dermal tissues and the reduction of pigmentary discolorations. Tranexamic has an average size of 200 nm, allowing for a more gradual and prolonged release of the encapsulated active ingredient, reducing skin irritability.
nNeem contains nanoencapsulated neem oil recommended for insect and ectoparasite repellency. Neem oil comes from the seeds of the Azadirachta indica tree. It is rich in fatty acids such as
nChlorhexidine contains chlorhexidine encapsulated in moisturizing nanoparticles for topical veterinary use. Studies show that nanoencapsulation increases absorption in the stratum corneum and enables sustained release. This prolonged release extends activity
Topical vitamin A in the form of retinol drives cellular restoration and regeneration. It supports growth, differentiation, and keratinization. By stimulating cell proliferation, retinol thickens the skin and improves roughness