Topical vitamin A in the form of retinol drives cellular restoration and regeneration. It supports growth, differentiation, and keratinization. By stimulating cell proliferation, retinol thickens the skin and improves roughness and fine wrinkles. It also treats acne, oily skin, and rosacea. Retinol alters the behavior of aged cells, making them act like younger cells. Poor water solubility and instability under light or heat require stabilization in nanostructured formulations. Nanoencapsulation protects retinol during handling, boosts effectiveness, and reduces redness, photosensitivity, and irritation.
nPhytosphingosine contains phytosphingosine encapsulated in lipid nanoparticles averaging 200 nm. This size improves penetration into the animal’s skin and fur and ensures gradual release. After application, the nanoparticles form an
Palmitate retinol is the main form of vitamin A naturally present in the skin, yet external factors such as sun exposure can cause epidermal deficiencies, making topical application essential. When
Topical application of vitamin E is extremely beneficial for protecting the skin against oxidative damage caused by free radicals and everyday external agents. Due to its ability to neutralize free