nTranexamic
Tranexamic acid has functional skin lightening activity in the treatment of melasma, as it can inhibit melanin synthesis by blocking the plasminogen/plasmin pathway, thereby preventing the interaction between melanocytes and
nPhytosphingosine contains phytosphingosine encapsulated in lipid nanoparticles averaging 200 nm. This size improves penetration into the animal’s skin and fur and ensures gradual release. After application, the nanoparticles form an occlusive layer that reduces water loss and supports hydration. Phytosphingosine is a natural sphingoid base in the stratum corneum that helps maintain skin health. Topical use increases ceramide levels and strengthens the barrier, which benefits dry skin and atopic dermatitis. Veterinary products for sensitive or atopic skin, such as shampoos, conditioners, lotions, and sprays, often include phytosphingosine.
Tranexamic acid has functional skin lightening activity in the treatment of melasma, as it can inhibit melanin synthesis by blocking the plasminogen/plasmin pathway, thereby preventing the interaction between melanocytes and
Hyaluronic acid occurs naturally in the skin’s extracellular matrix, where it maintains firmness, elasticity, and hydration. It supports tissue tone and moisture while helping reduce visible wrinkles and fine lines.
Topical application of vitamin E is extremely beneficial for protecting the skin against oxidative damage caused by free radicals and everyday external agents. Due to its ability to neutralize free