GI Alpha Arbutin

Grand Alpha-Arbutin is a highly valued cosmetic ingredient used in skincare formulations. Through a bioenzymatic transformation, it acquires a single α configuration, ensuring exceptional purity and stability.

INCI name:Alpha-Arbutin

Other name:α-Arbutin; Hydroquinone-alpha-D-glucopyranoside; 4-Hydroxyphenyl-alpha-D-glucopyranoside
CAS No:84380-01-8

Source: Alpha Arbutin is derived from natural sources, primarily from the leaves of the bearberry plant, although it is often synthetically produced for commercial use. It is a glycoside compound consisting of hydroquinone bound to a glucose molecule.


Chemical Properties

  • Structure: Alpha Arbutin is a glycoside, where hydroquinone (a phenolic compound) is bound to a glucose molecule. The glucose molecule helps to stabilize hydroquinone, which is typically unstable when exposed to light and air.
  • Solubility: Alpha Arbutin is water-soluble, making it easily incorporated into aqueous-based skincare formulations such as serums, lotions, and creams.
  • Stability: Alpha Arbutin is more stable than free hydroquinone and remains effective in a wide range of pH levels typically found in cosmetic formulations. Its stability makes it suitable for long-term use in skin care products.

Functions and Benefits in Cosmetics

  1. Skin Lightening and Brightening:

    • Tyrosinase Inhibition: Alpha Arbutin works by inhibiting tyrosinase, the enzyme responsible for the conversion of tyrosine to melanin, the pigment that gives skin its color. By inhibiting this enzyme, Alpha Arbutin helps to reduce the production of melanin, leading to lighter skin and reduced hyperpigmentation.
    • Evens Skin Tone: Alpha Arbutin is widely used to treat uneven skin tone and dark spots caused by sun exposure, acne scars, age spots, and melasma. Its brightening effect helps give the skin a more radiant and uniform appearance.
    • Gentle Alternative to Hydroquinone: Unlike hydroquinone, Alpha Arbutin is considered a gentler alternative with a lower risk of irritation while still providing similar skin-lightening benefits. This makes it suitable for individuals with sensitive skin.
  2. Anti-Aging Effects:

    • Prevention of Dark Spots: By inhibiting the production of melanin, Alpha Arbutin not only brightens the skin but also helps to prevent the development of new dark spots and uneven pigmentation, contributing to a more youthful complexion.
    • Antioxidant Properties: Alpha Arbutin’s antioxidant properties help neutralize free radicals, which contribute to skin aging by damaging skin cells and collagen. This antioxidant activity helps reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles.
    • Improves Skin Texture: With consistent use, Alpha Arbutin can also improve skin texture by promoting a more even and smooth skin surface.
  3. Safe for Sensitive Skin:

    • Non-Irritating: Alpha Arbutin is considered non-irritating and is often used in products designed for individuals with sensitive or reactive skin. It is also suitable for all skin types, including those prone to acne or rosacea.
    • Post-inflammatory Hyperpigmentation: It is especially effective in addressing post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation (PIH), a condition where the skin darkens after an injury, such as acne, and can lead to dark spots.

Formulation Considerations

  1. Concentration:

    • Typical Usage: Alpha Arbutin is commonly used in cosmetic formulations at 0.2% to 2% concentrations. At 1%, it is highly effective for lightening hyperpigmentation and brightening the skin.
    • Higher Concentrations: Some professional-grade products may feature higher concentrations, up to 4-5% in more concentrated treatments.
    • Effective Range: The 0.5%-2% range is optimal for most consumers, balancing effectiveness and safety for long-term use.
  2. Formulation Types:

    • Serums and Concentrates: Alpha Arbutin is most commonly found in serums, which allow for the concentrated delivery of the ingredient to target areas of pigmentation or uneven skin tone.
    • Creams and Lotions: It is also included in moisturizers, whitening creams, and brightening lotions for daily use to address pigmentation issues.
    • Masks and Spot Treatments: Some facial masks and spot treatment creams contain Alpha Arbutin for more intensive pigmentation correction.
  3. pH Considerations:

    • Alpha Arbutin is effective in formulations with a pH range of 4.5-7.0, which is typical for most cosmetic products, including serums, lotions, and creams.
    • Formulation Adjustments: Ensuring the pH is properly adjusted is essential for maintaining the stability and effectiveness of Alpha Arbutin.
  4. Compatibility:

    • With Other Ingredients: Alpha Arbutin can be used in combination with other brightening agents, such as vitamin C, niacinamide, and retinoids, for enhanced effects. However, caution should be exercised when combining with ingredients that can lower the skin’s pH, as overly acidic formulas may affect its stability.
    • Sun Protection: It is important to use sunscreen daily when using products containing Alpha Arbutin, as UV exposure can worsen hyperpigmentation, especially during the treatment phase.

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