INCI NAME：3-o-Ethyl Ascorbic Acid

VC-EAA 3-O ethyl ascorbic acid is a stable, water- and oil-soluble derivative of pure vitamin C (ascorbic acid) that offers all of the primary benefits vitamin C is known for, such as brightening, wrinkle reduction, visible firming, fading hyperpigmentation to restore a more even skin tone and offsetting numerous triggers of environmental damage. As a modified and more stable version of pure vitamin C, 3-O ethyl ascorbic acid must be converted to vitamin C within skin by sodium-dependent proteins. This process within skin’s surface layers helps ensure skin benefits.

INCI NAME：Magnesium Ascorbyl Phosphate

VC-MAP, a water-soluble whitening agent, exhibits remarkable properties that make it highly valuable in cosmetic formulations. Upon skin absorption, it demonstrates the ability to effectively counteract the detrimental effects of ultraviolet ray exposure, neutralize oxygen free radicals, stimulate collagen synthesis, prevent pigmentation effectively, and address various skin discolorations. The result is a well-hydrated, supple, smooth, and stable complexion. Notably, Magnesium Ascorbyl Phosphate is non-toxic and non-irritating, establishing it as an excellent additive for contemporary functional whitening cosmetics.

INCI NAME：Sodium Ascorbyl Phosphate

VC-SAP is a highly sought-after active ingredient found in advanced cosmetic skincare products. As a stable derivative of vitamin C, it plays a crucial role in protecting the skin and enhancing its overall appearance. By breaking down enzymes within the skin, Sodium Ascorbyl Phosphate releases active vitamin C, thereby exerting potent antioxidant properties. This mechanism enables it to effectively safeguard cells from the detrimental effects of free radicals, thereby preventing cellular damage.

INCI Name: Ascorbyl Glucoside

VC-AA2G, also known as ascorbyl glucoside, is a stable derivative of vitamin C that offers numerous benefits in skincare. It is a water-soluble compound that combines the antioxidant properties of vitamin C with the stability and skin-friendly characteristics of glucose.

INC name: Ascorbyl Tetraisopalmitate

VC-TIP is an oil-soluble derivative of vitamin C, which possesses numerous beneficial properties when used as a cosmetic ingredient. These properties include skin brightening, promotion of collagen synthesis, and inhibition of lipid peroxidation.

INCI name: Polyquaternium-51

Polyquaternium-51 is a synthetic, polymeric quaternary ammonium compound. This means it is a large molecule with unique amphiphilic (water- and oil-loving) properties and has a charge that gives it conditioning and film-forming properties for skin and hair. Its humectant properties stem from its structural similarity to lipids found in the surface cells of human skin, known as corneocytes. As a result, it works to preserve the skin's barrier and helps prevent water loss. In skincare products, the typical usage levels of polyquaternium-51 range from 0.5% to 5%, with concentrations of 2% to 5% most often used in rinse-out hair care products like conditioners. Smaller amounts, such as 0.021% to 0.05%, may be used in products like eye makeup or 0.02% in moisturizers. While a formal safety assessment hasn't been published, a draft report exists which does not indicate that polyquaternium-51 poses a risk to the skin in the amounts currently used.

INCI name: Acetyl Glucosamine

Skinactive Glucosamine, Acetyl glucosamine (also known as N-acetyl glucosamine or NAG), is a naturally occurring amino sugar that is found in the body. It is a precursor to hyaluronic acid, which is a substance that helps to keep the skin hydrated and plump. Acetyl glucosamine is also known to have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties.

INCI name: Carboxymethyl Chitosan

Skinactive CMC, also known as carboxymethyl chitosan (CMC), is a water-soluble derivative of chitosan, a natural polysaccharide derived from chitin. CMC is created by reacting chitosan with carboxymethyl groups, a process catalyzed by an acid, such as hydrochloric acid. The resulting product is a white to off-white powder that can dissolve in water and alcohol. Carboxymethyl chitosan is a derivative of chitosan that has been extensively researched due to its water solubility in a wider pH range compared to the original compound. This extended solubility has increased its potential for various applications. In this review, the different preparation conditions resulting in N- and O-carboxylated chitosan, diverse degrees of substitution, and water solubility are summarized. Five important features of carboxymethyl chitosan from recent studies, including moisture absorption-retention, antimicrobial properties, antioxidant capacities, delivery system, and emulsion stabilization, are highlighted for potential cosmetic use. Additionally, comprehensive information on its cytotoxicity has been included to ensure its safety in application.